Financial Constraints and Firm Size: Micro-Evidence and Aggregate Implications (Submitted)
Using a unique dataset covering the universe of Portuguese firms, their credit situation, and bank relationship we show that firms across the entire size distribution exhibit a positive elasticity of loans and capital to credit supply shocks. This finding is counterfactual to basic theory that posits large firms as unconstrained and not reacting to credit supply shocks. Incorporating a richer, empirically supported, productivity process into a standard heterogeneous firms model generates large constrained firms and consequently a joint distribution of size and credit elasticities in line with the data. The elevated capital share and sensitivity to financial shocks of the largest decile of constrained firms explains about onethird of the response of output to a financial shock.
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